NEURODEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL THERAPY APPROACHES FOR IMPROVING MOTOR COORDINATION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: EVIDENCE FROM A CASE SERIES

Background
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently present with motor coordination difficulties that hinder daily functioning, social participation, and physical activity engagement. Integrating structured physical therapy interventions into multidisciplinary care may promote motor development and adaptive behavior in this population.

Material and methods
This case series included five children aged 7-11 years with clinically confirmed ASD who participated in a 16-week structured physical rehabilitation program. Sessions (four per week) incorporated balance, locomotor, and coordination exercises tailored to individual profiles. Outcomes were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD), behavioral rating scales, and the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ).

Results
All the participants demonstrated observable improvements in the TGMD scores, with descriptive patterns indicating enhanced locomotor and object control abilities across the 16-week period. Descriptive behavioral profiles illustrated reductions in maladaptive manifestations and gradual improvements in social-communication and adaptive skills for each child.

Conclusions
This case series describes observable improvements in motor coordination, physical activity participation, and adaptive behaviors following an individualized physical rehabilitation program. Incorporating such programs into multidisciplinary rehabilitation may contribute to improved functional independence and social inclusion.